ABSTRACT
The present study is pioneer in analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Turnera subulata Sm. and evaluates their antibacterial activity against a panel of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The aerial parts were kiln-dried and then powdered in mechanical mill, and was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The components were analyzed using a mass spectrometrycoupled gas chromatography (GC-MS), and the identification of substances was performed by comparison of the mass spectra obtained with the mass spectra of the database of the GC-MS and retention indices . The essential oil was evaluated using the method of broth dilution at concentrations ranging from 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. It was possible to identify 45 substances (92.1%) of the essential oils, and the major components were trans-caryophyllene (6.7%), citronellol (5.6%), sphatulenol (5.3%), α-cadinol (4.3%), n-tricosano (4.3%), geraniol (4.1%) and trans-geranilacetone (3.7%), n-pentacosano (3.5%), globulol (3.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%). The essential oil of T. subulata Sm. showed effective antibacterial activity for the various strains of S. aureus tested, with the MIC values between 25 µg/mL and 1600 µg/mL. The study of the essential oil of Turnera subulata Sm. showed that it consists of a complex mixture of several classes of compounds having the sesquiterpenes as major constituents followed by monoterpenes, and showed an antibacterial activity significant front the strains tested.
O presente estudo é pioneiro em analisar a composição química dos óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de Turnera subulata Sm. e sua atividade antibacteriana frente à Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a antibióticos. As partes aéreas da planta foram secas em estufa, pulverizadas em moinho mecânico e submetidas à hidrodestilaçao em aparato tipo Clevenger. A composição dos óleos essenciais foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), e a identificação realizada por comparação dos espectros de massas com a biblioteca do CG-EM e índices de retenção. A atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial foi avaliada usando o método de diluição em caldo, em concentrações que variaram de 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. Foi possível identificar 45 substâncias (92,1%) do óleo essencial, sendo os componentes majoritários: trans-cariofileno (6,7%), citronelol (5,6%), espatulenol (5,3%), α-cadinol (4,3%), n-tricosano (4,3%), geraniol (4,1%) e trans-geranilacetona (3,7%), n-pentacosano (3,5%), globulol (3,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (3,2%). O óleo essencial de T. subulata Sm. mostrou atividade antibacteriana eficaz para as várias cepas de S. aureus testadas, com valores de CIM entre 25 µg/mL e 1600 µg/mL. O estudo do óleo essencial de Turnera subulata Sm. evidenciou sua complexa mistura, contendo várias classes de substâncias, tendo os sesquiterpenos como constituintes majoritários seguido dos monoterpenos, e mostrou significativa atividade antibacteriana frente as cepas testadas.
Subject(s)
Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Turnera/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Chromatography, Gas/instrumentation , Plant Components, Aerial/metabolismABSTRACT
Neste trabalho realizou-se uma caracterização morfoanatômica comparativa, entre as folhas de Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. e Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), espécies de uso na medicina popular, cujas folhas e raízes são indicadas como diurético e antitérmico. As identificações botânicas e as morfodiagnoses macroscópicas foram realizadas após estudos morfológicos. Para as morfodiagnoses microscópicas realizaram-se cortes paradérmicos e transversais das folhas (lâmina e pecíolo), clarificados e posteriormente corados com safranina e safrablue. Além dos caracteres morfológicos da flor e do fruto, as duas espécies diferem pelos seguintes caracteres: vascularização da nervura principal em forma de arco em N. physalodes, e semicircular em P. angulata; drusas no mesofilo de P. angulata; tricomas glandular-estipitados com a glândula apical bisseriada em N. physalodes. As duas espécies distinguem-se principalmente pela morfologia da flor e fruto e pela anatomia do mesofilo e vascularização da nervura principal.
In this work a morphoanatomical comparative characterization was carried out between the leaves of Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. and Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) species used in folk medicine, whose leaves are indicated as diuretic and febrifuge. The botanical identification and macroscopical morphodiagnosis were made after morphological studies. The microscopical morphodiagnosis were carried out by paradermic and transversal cuts of the leaves (blade and petiole), clarified and coloured with safranin and astrablue. Moreover the morphological characters of the flower and fruit, of the two species can be distinguished by the following characters: N. physalodes has the bundle vascular of the middle vein in arc format; P. angulata has the vascular bundle of the middle vein in a semi-circle format; druses in the mesophyll of P. angulata; andthe presence of trichomes glandular-estipitate with bisseriate head in N. physalodes. The morphology of flower and fruit and the anatomy of mesophyll, the vascular bundles of middle vein are the principal distinctive characters between them.
ABSTRACT
Das partes aéreas de Herissantia tiubae (K. Schum.) Brizicky foram isolados, através de métodos cromatográficos, dois flavonóides glicosilados, canferol 3,7-di-O-a-L-ramnopiranosídeo e canferol 3-b-O-D-(6-E-p-cumaroil) glicosídeo. As estruturas foram identificadas com o uso de técnicas espectroscópicas de IV, RMN ¹H e 13C incluindo métodos bidimensionais, além de comparações com dados da literatura. O canferol 3,7-di-O-a-L-ramnopiranosídeo foi submetido a testes farmacológicos preliminares com a finalidade de avaliar o seu efeito sobre o sistema cardiovascular.
From the aerial parts of Herissantia tiubae (K. Schum.) Brizicky two flavonol glycosides were isolated by means of chromatographic methods, kaempferol 3,7-di-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-b-D-(6-E-p-coumaroyl) glucoside. Their structural identification was made by IV, ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including two dimensional techniques, together with comparison with literatura data. Preliminary tests were carried out with kaempferol 3,7-di-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside in order to study its possible cardiovascular effect.
ABSTRACT
The genus Hornschuchia obliqua belonging to the Annonaceae family. The family comprising ca 130 genera and 2300 species, located in the Magnoliales, a primitive order of plants, is known to produce isoquinoline alkaloids derivatives1. Indeed the great majority of alkaloidal constituents of these plants are isoquinoline-derived structures, along with a wide range of non-alkaloidal compounds of varied stuctural types2,3. The present paper describes the chemical investigation of the alkaloids from Hornschuchia obliqua, isolated until now.
ABSTRACT
A systematic search for solasodine, an important staring material for the partial synthesis of steroidal hormones as well as other potentially bioactive constituents of various Solanum species of Brazil has been undertaken. Thus, the fruits of S. paludosum, S. asperum, S. sessiliforum and Solanum sp. were found to contain significant amounts of solasodine. The root bark of S. paludosum which showe durare like activity yelded tomatidenol and another yet unidentified alkaloid responsible for the biological activity. The fruits of S. asperum yelded a new spirosolane alkaloid, solaparnaine. The stem bark of S. pseudo-quina showed convulsive and exitatory activity from which (25S)-isosolafloridine was identified as the active principle. In addition, the latter alkaloid was also found to show antimicrobial activity.